NCERT-Notes-for-class-9-science-matter-in-our-surroundings/ by knowledge cave part 1......

                       CHAPTER 1

       MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS❤❤

          

(1) Temperature scales   -  Celsius and Kelvin

      Celsius scale                written as "C"

      Kelvin scale                  written as "K"

      Boiling point of water - 100 degree Celsius and / 373 kelvin 

      Freezing point of water-0 degree Celsius and /273 kelvin.

     HIGHEST VALUES OF THESE SCALE 

  kelvin = 273k -----------------373k

 Celsius =0 degree-------------100 degree 

(2) Absolute Temperature scale :-kelvin scale is called absolute temperature scale on which the lowest possible temperature is zero.

(3) RELATION BETWEEN CELSIUS AND KELVIN 

 0 Degree Celsius = 273 Kelvin 

So, kelvin= -0 degree +273 kelvin 

Or 0 degree Celsius = kelvin - 273 

(4) INTER CONVERSION of states of matter =    The phenomenon due to which matter changes from one states to another state and back to its original state,on altering the conditions of temperature and  pressure.

for example= water into water vapour 

(1) The state of substance can also be changed by pressure. for example- on applying pressure, gas changes to liquid .On applying pressure, liquid changes to solid.

When pressure  is applied on carbon dioxide gas,it forms dry ice (solid state).

(2) INTER CONVERSION of states of matter-

    IT is defined as change of matter from one physical state to another. 

(5) Latent heat:- It is the amount of heat released or absorbed during change of state of the substance.

(1) Solid - liquid 

      Melting or fusion - the change in a substance from solid state o liquid state.

(2) Melting point:- The temperature at which solid changes to liquid on heating. for example : melting point of ice -0 degree Celsius.

(3) Latent Heat of fusion :- The amount of heat required to convert one unit mass of substance from solid to liquid state to liquid state at its melting point.For example - for ice - 3.34* 10*5/kj/g.

    FUSION IS ALSO SAYS MELTING 

(4) Change of state from Solid to Liquid on the basis of molecular structure :- When we heat any solid substance, the particles gain energy and start vibrating. Their kinetic energy increases,due to which their intermolecular space increase and intermolecular force decrease and the substance get converted and the substance get converted into liquid state.

(5) Conversion of liquid state into gaseous state:- Boiling or vapourization:- It is the change in a substance from liquid state to gaseous state,at boiling point.

BOILING POINT:-is the temperature at which liquid changes to gaseous state on heating pressure. 
BOILING POINT OF WATER - 100 DEGREE CELSIUS

(6) Latent heat of a vapourization:- The amount of heat convert one unit mass of substance from liquid to vapour at its boiling point.
         for example = water- 22.6*1000000 j/kg.

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